Yesaya 28:2

28:2 Look, the sovereign master ¹  sends a strong, powerful one. ² 

With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, ³ 

with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, ⁴ 

he will knock that crown ⁵  to the ground with his hand. ⁶ 

Yesaya 29:6

29:6 Judgment will come from the Lord who commands armies, ⁷ 

accompanied by thunder, earthquake, and a loud noise,

by a strong gale, a windstorm, and a consuming flame of fire.

Yesaya 30:30

30:30 The Lord will give a mighty shout ⁸ 

and intervene in power, ⁹ 

with furious anger and flaming, destructive fire, ¹⁰ 

with a driving rainstorm and hailstones.

Yesaya 32:19

32:19 Even if the forest is destroyed ¹¹ 

and the city is annihilated, ¹² 

[28:2]  ¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 22 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[28:2]  ² tn Heb “Look, a strong and powerful [one] belongs to the Lord.”

[28:2]  ³ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of hail, a wind of destruction.”

[28:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of mighty, overflowing waters.”

[28:2]  ⁵ tn The words “that crown” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The object of the verb is unexpressed in the Hebrew text.

[28:2]  ⁶ tn Or “by [his] power.”

[29:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “from the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] there will be visitation.” The third feminine singular passive verb form תִּפָּקֵד (tippaqed, “she/it will be visited”) is used here in an impersonal sense. See GKC 459 §144.b.

[30:30]  ⁸ tn Heb “the Lord will cause the splendor of his voice to be heard.”

[30:30]  ⁹ tn Heb “and reveal the lowering of his arm.”

[30:30]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and a flame of consuming fire.”

[32:19]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and [?] when the forest descends.” The form וּבָרַד (uvarad) is often understood as an otherwise unattested denominative verb meaning “to hail” (HALOT 154 s.v. I ברד). In this case one might translate, “and it hails when the forest is destroyed” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV). Perhaps the text alludes to a powerful wind and hail storm that knocks down limbs and trees. Some prefer to emend the form to וְיָרַד (vÿyarad), “and it descends,” which provides better, though not perfect, symmetry with the parallel line (cf. NAB). Perhaps וּבָרַד should be dismissed as dittographic. In this case the statement (“when the forest descends”) lacks a finite verb and seems incomplete, but perhaps it is subordinate to v. 20.

[32:19]  ¹² tn Heb “and in humiliation the city is laid low.”